Herbal medicine has been around for thousands of years. It was developed by observations of how different elements existed and operated in nature. They are categorized  by characteristic such as temperature, taste, and directional energetics.  For example, the pedals of a flower may be light as air and float around in the the wind. Lighter herbs generally tend to treat the upper areas of the body, and may be cooling to the skin or outer layers of our tissues. Conversely, roots may be dense and grow deep into the earth to gather nutrients, and thus leading the effects of the medicine lower or to deeper layers of our bodies. 

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For example, Chrysanthemum  what is named  Ju Hua in Chinese Medicine assists other herbs combined with it to the upper body and specifically the eyes. Drinking a tea of Chrysanthemum and Goji Berries helps refresh your eyes after a long day of looking at screens. It is also commonly included in herbal formulas that treat sore throat and common colds. 

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Ginger Root (Sheng Jiang) is another great example. As a root, it tends to grow downward  into the earth as roots do. Thus it's natural energetics tend to assist the down bearing function of the stomach. Which is why it is widely used to treat nausea and vomiting.